The imperative tense allows the speaker to request someone else to do something he/she needs. For basic traveling most communication with the local Spanish speakers is usually based more on basic needs (sleep, food, and sites) and less on daily conversation. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly learn the imperative form, as it composes the fundamental form of communication in any trip.
Subject Pronouns for the Imperative Form
The Spanish imperative form exists for five different subject pronouns: a. Tú (you familiar) b. Usted (you formal-singular) c. Nosotros/as (we) d. Vosotros/as (you-all, not used in Latin America) e. Ustedes (you-all)
In the summary-table in the current chapter we shall conjugate the vosotros form, though in all explanations and examples, we will teach the more common form in use in Latin America – namely, the you-all formal imperative Ustedes
First-Person Plural: We (Nosotros/as)
In Spanish we can command the first-person plural (we, nosotros/as). The imperative form of the first-person plural is done by dropping the verb-ending of the infinitive (-AR, -ER, -IR), and adding the corresponding suffix: for –AR verbs we add the –EMOS suffix, while in –ER, -IR verbs, we add the –AMOS suffix.
1. Let’s talk! (Hablar, to talk) ¡Hablemos! 2. Let’s run! (Correr, to run) ¡Corramos! 3. Let’s write! (Escribir, to write) ¡Escribamos! 4. Let’s go! (Ir, to go, is irregular) ¡Vamos!
Adding (Direct and Indirect) Object Pronouns to the Conjugated Imperatives
Object pronouns have yet to be studied in later chapters, yet we make use of them in the imperative form to accommodate the student.
a. For affirmative commands: the object pronoun will appear after the verb.
(You-formal) Give me! (Dar, to give) ¡Deme! (¡De!, Give!)
b. Negative commands: the object pronoun will appear before the verb.
(You-formal) Don’t give me! (Dar, to give) ¡No me de! (¡No de!, Don’t give!)
Steps of Conjugation in the Imperative
Imperative Forms: Affirmative and Negative
The imperative is a verb mood used to give a command, either affirmative (Take!, give!, say!) or negative (Dont take!, don’t give!, don’t go!.)
Conjugation
The verb shown below is ‘tomar’ (to take)
Step
Explanation
I
(Tú) tomas (Ud.) toma (Uds.) Toman
(Tú) no tomas (Ud.) no toma (Uds.) no toman
Conjugate the verb in present
simple
II
¡(Tú) toma!
Tú affirmative conjugation
Drop the ‘-s’ from the end of the conjugated verb
III
¡(Ud.) Tome!
¡(Uds.) Tomen!
¡(Tú) no tomes!
¡(Ud.) no tome!
¡(Uds.) no tomen!
All other conjugations
Change the endings of the present simple conjugations: from ‘A’ to ‘E’,
or from ‘E’ to ‘A’, accordingly.
Summary: Conjugation Table of the Imperative
DAR (to give)
BEBER (to drink)
VIVIR (to live)
Aff.
Neg.
Aff.
Neg.
Aff.
Neg.
Tú
¡Da!
¡No des!
¡Bebe!
¡No bebas!
¡Vive!
¡No vivas!
Ud.
¡De!
¡No de!
¡Beba!
¡No beba!
¡Viva!
¡No viva!
Vosotros
¡Dad!
¡No deis!
¡Bebed!
¡No bebaís!
¡Vivid!
¡No vivaís!
Uds.
¡Den!
¡No den!
¡Beban!
¡No beban!
¡Vivan!
¡No vivan!
Concluding Examples
The Verb: Comprar (to buy)
Step
Spanish
Explanation
I
Aff.
Neg.
(Tú) compras
(Tú) no compras
Conjugation in present simple (no difference between affirmative and negative)
You buy
You don’t buy
(Ud.) compra
(Ud.) no compra
You-formal buy
You-formal don’t buy
(Uds.) compran
(Uds.) no compran
You-all buy
You-all don’t buy
II
¡(Tú) compra!
Tú affirmative conjugation
Drop the ‘–s’ from the end of the present simple conjugation
(You) buy!
III
See Phase II
¡(Tú) no compres!
Change the endings of the present simple: from ‘A’ to ‘E’, or from ‘E’ to ‘A’. Because Comprar is an –AR verb we will change the endings from ‘A’ to ‘E’.
(You) don’t buy!
¡(Ud.) compre!
¡(Ud.) no compre!
(You-formal) buy!
(You-formal) don’t buy!
¡(Uds.) compren!
¡(Uds.) no compren!
(You-all) buy!
(You-all) don’t buy!
The Verb: Correr (to run)
Step
Spanish
Explanation
I
Aff.
Neg.
(Tú) corres
(Tú) no corres
Conjugation in present simple (no difference between affirmative and negative)
You run
You don’t run
(Ud.) corre
(Ud.) no corre
You-formal run
You-formal don’t run
(Uds.) corren
(Uds.) no corren
You-all run
You-all don’t run
II
¡(Tú) corre!
Tú affirmative conjugation
Drop the ‘–s’ from the end of the present simple conjugation
(You) run!
III
See Phase II
¡(Tú) no corras!
Change the endings of the present simple: from ‘A’ to ‘E’, or from ‘E’ to ‘A’. Because Correr is an –ER verb we will change the endings from ‘E’ to ‘A’.
(You) don’t run!
¡(Ud.) corra!
¡(Ud.) no corra!
(You-formal) run!
(You-formal) don’t run!
¡(Uds.) corran!
¡(Uds.) no corran!
(You-all) run!
(You-all) don’t run!
The Verb: Subir (to
climb/to go up)
Step
Spanish
Explanation
I
Aff.
Neg.
(Tú) subes
(Tú) no subes
Conjugation in present simple (no difference
between affirmative and negative)
You climb
You don’t climb
(Ud.) sube
(Ud.) no sube
You-formal climb
You-formal don’t climb
(Uds.) suben
(Uds.) no suben
You-all climb
You-all don’t climb
II
¡(Tú) sube!
Tú affirmative conjugation
Drop the ‘–s’ from the end of the present simple conjugation
(You) climb!
III
See Phase II
¡(Tú) no subas!
Change the endings of the
present simple: from ‘A’ to ‘E’, or from ‘E’ to ‘A’. Because Subir is an –IR
verb we will change the endings from ‘E’ to ‘A’.
(You) don’t climb!
¡(Ud.) suba!
¡(Ud.) no suba!
(You-formal) climb!
(You-formal) don’t climb!
¡(Uds.) suban!
¡(Uds.) no suban!
(You-all) climb!
(You-all) don’t climb!
Irregulars
Conjugations of Irregulars in
Present Simple
The first group of irregulars includes irregulars whose
irregularity is a result of their conjugation in the Present Simple tense.
They are actually NOT irregular in the imperative tense, though in the first
step of imperative conjugation (the transition to present tense), they are
conjugated as irregulars in present simple.
PENSAR (TO THINK)
E IE
VOVLER
(TO RETURN) O UE
PEDIR (TO ASK FOR)
E I
Aff.
Neg.
Aff.
Neg.
Aff.
Neg.
Tú
¡Piensa!
¡No pienses!
¡Vuelve!
¡No vuelvas!
¡Pide!
¡No pidas!
Ud.
¡Piense!
¡No piense!
¡Vuelva!
¡No vuelva!
¡Pida!
¡No pida!
Vosotros
¡Pensad!
¡No penséis!
¡Volved!
¡No volváis!
¡Pedid!
¡No pidáis!
Ustedes
¡Piensen!
¡No piensen!
¡Vuelvan!
¡No vuelvan!
¡Pidan!
¡No pidan!
Special Irregulars in the
Imperative Tense
The second group of irregulars includes such
irregulars whose irregularity is unusual in the imperative tense, and we
should familiarize ourselves with them individually.